Basic information

Colorless viscous liquid. Flammable, almost odorless, with a bitter taste, hygroscopic. In addition to petroleum ether, it can dissolve general organic solvents. It can be miscible with any water, ethanol, acetone, acetaldehyde, pyridine, ethyl acetate, dibutyl phthalate, dioxane and aromatic compounds, and insoluble in aliphatic hydrocarbon compounds other than acetylene. It has strong hygroscopicity. At 20°C, when the relative humidity is 60%, it can absorb 70% of its own weight from the air. The product is a weak oxidizing agent, and dimethyl sulfoxide without water is non-corrosive to metals. When containing water, it is corrosive to iron, copper and other metals, but not to aluminum. Stable to alkali. Heating in the presence of acid will produce a small amount of methyl mercaptan, formaldehyde, dimethyl sulfide; methanesulfonic acid and other compounds. Decomposes at high temperature, reacts violently with chlorine, burns in air and emits a light blue flam

Chemical properties

1. Reduction of dimethyl sulfoxide to generate methyl sulfide. Oxidized to dimethyl sulfone by strong oxidant;

2. When dimethyl sulfoxide contacts with acyl chlorides such as cyanuric chloride, benzoyl chloride, acetyl chloride, phenyliodyl chloride, thionyl chloride, sulfuryl chloride, phosphorus trichloride, etc., a violent exothermic decomposition reaction will occur. Combined with nitric acid to generate (CH3)2SO·HNO3. The role of barium carbonate can regenerate dimethyl sulfoxide. It reacts with concentrated hydroiodic acid to generate dimethylsulfide compound.

3. Dimethyl sulfoxide is hygroscopic and needs to be dried before use.

Toxicity and Safety

Less toxic, LD50: 9700-28300 mg/kg (oral for rats); 16500-24000 mg/kg (oral for mice). Permeable to human skin and irritating to eyes.

The most common are nausea, vomiting, rash, and a garlic, onion, or oyster odor on the skin and in exhaled breath.

Inhalation: High volatile concentrations may cause headache, dizziness and sedation.

Skin: Can burn and sting the skin, as can be seen with rashes and blisters. Dimethyl sulfoxide may cause a thermal reaction if it comes in contact with aqueous skin. Avoid contact with DMSO solutions that contain toxic raw materials or substances, as their toxicity is not known, and DMSO may penetrate the skin, bringing toxic substances into the skin under certain conditions.

Absorption: The risk of absorption is very low.

Basic application

Chromium chloride, manganese chloride and other transition metal halides and potassium chloride, sodium chloride and other halides have certain solubility in DMSO, so they can be used in organic electrochemistry.

Dimethyl sulfoxide is widely used as a solvent and reaction reagent, especially as a processing solvent and spinning solvent in the polymerization of acrylonitrile, as a solvent for polyurethane synthesis and spinning, and as a synthesis of polyamide, polyimide and polysulfone resin Solvents, as well as aromatics, butadiene extraction solvents and solvents for the synthesis of chlorofluoroaniline, etc.

DMSO is dimethyl sulfoxide and is widely used. Used as a solvent for acetylene, aromatic hydrocarbons, sulfur dioxide and other gases and acrylic fiber spinning solvent. It is an extremely important aprotic polar solvent that is soluble in both water and organic solvents. It has strong permeability to the skin, which helps the drug penetrate into the human body. It can also be used as an additive to pesticides. It is also a very important chemical reagent.

DMSO is also an osmotic protectant, which can lower the freezing point of cells, reduce the formation of ice crystals, reduce the damage of free radicals to cells, and change the permeability of biofilms to electrolytes, drugs, poisons and metabolites

Industrial applications

Dimethyl sulfoxide is an extremely important aprotic polar solvent that is soluble in both water and organic solvents. Widely used as solvent and reaction reagent, it has high selective extraction ability. Dimethyl sulfoxide itself has anti-inflammatory, analgesic, diuretic and sedative effects, and can be directly used as raw material and carrier of certain drugs in the pharmaceutical industry. Known as the "panacea", it is often added to the drug as an active ingredient of analgesic drugs.

1. It is used for the extraction of aromatic hydrocarbons, the reaction medium of resins and dyes, the solvent of acrylic fiber polymerization and spinning, etc.

2. It can be used as organic solvent, reaction medium and organic synthesis intermediate. Very versatile. This product has high selective extraction ability, used as polymerization and condensation solvent for acrylic resin and polysulfone resin, polyacrylonitrile and acetate fiber polymerization spinning solvent, extraction solvent for separation of alkanes and aromatics, used for Aromatic hydrocarbons, butadiene extraction, acrylic fiber spinning, plastic solvents and organic synthetic dyes, pharmaceuticals and other industrial reaction medium. In terms of medicine, dimethyl sulfoxide has anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects, and has strong penetration into the skin, so it can dissolve certain drugs, allowing these drugs to penetrate into the human body to achieve therapeutic purposes. Utilizing the carrier properties of dimethyl sulfoxide, it can also be used as a pesticide additive. Adding a small amount of dimethyl sulfoxide to some pesticides can help the pesticides penetrate into the plants to improve the efficacy. Dimethyl sulfoxide can also be used as a dyeing solvent, dye remover, and dyeing carrier for synthetic fibers, as well as an absorbent for recycling acetylene and sulfur dioxide, a synthetic fiber modifier, antifreeze, and capacitor media, brake oil, and rare metal extraction. agent etc.

3. It is used as analytical reagent and stationary liquid of gas chromatography, and also used as solvent in ultraviolet spectrum analysis.

4. Transdermal accelerator. Dimethyl sulfoxide is one of the earliest transdermal penetration enhancers, and its penetration-enhancing properties may be related to its solvent property. Dimethyl sulfoxide can denature proteins in skin keratinocytes; it can destroy the orderly arrangement of lipids in the stratum corneum; it can remove lipids and lipoproteins in the stratum corneum, and enhance the penetration of drugs. When sulfoxide is used, it will cause erythema, blisters and irreversible damage to the skin, which has been banned in the United States. The commonly used concentration is 30%-50%.

5. Antifreeze. The freezing point of pure dimethyl sulfoxide is 18.45°C, and dimethyl sulfoxide containing 40% water will not freeze at -60°C, and dimethyl sulfoxide will release heat when mixed with water and snow. Therefore, it is convenient to make automobile antifreeze fluid, brake fluid, and hydraulic fluid components. Ethylene glycol antifreeze is not applicable at low temperatures exceeding -40°C, and has a lower boiling point than dimethyl sulfoxide, is poisonous, and is prone to air lock. Dimethyl sulfoxide antifreeze is used in automobiles and tanks in the northern severe cold region, and can be replenished with snow instead of water at any time. Dimethyl sulfoxide is also used in deicing agents, paints, various latex antifreezes, gasoline, aviation fuel antifreezes, bone marrow, blood, and organ cryogenic preservation.

Storage method

1. The product should be sealed and stored in a cool dry place away from light.

2. The product is packaged in aluminum barrels, plastic barrels or glass bottles. Store in a cool, ventilated and dry place, and store and transport according to the regulations of flammable and toxic substances.